Update passwords in batch mode.
Syntax
chpasswd [Options...]
Options
-c, --crypt-method METHOD
Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords.
The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if
your libc support these methods.
By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords.
-e, --encrypted
Supplied passwords are in encrypted form.
-h, --help
Display help message and exit.
-m, --md5
Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are
not encrypted.
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the
configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory.
-s, --sha-rounds ROUNDS
Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords.
The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number
of rounds for the crypt method (5000).
A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will
be enforced.
You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt
method.
By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
/etc/login.defs.
The chpasswd command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users. Each line is of the format:
user_name:password
By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted by chpasswd. Also the password age will be updated, if present. By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) you can select a different encryption method with the -e, -m, or -c options. Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords, chpasswd first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user.
When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the system database) then if a password cannot be updated chpasswd continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error code on exit.
This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are created at a single time.
Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted files by other users.
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS (number), SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS (number)When ENCRYPT_METHOD is set to SHA256 or SHA512, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line).
With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users. If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000).
The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range.
If only one of the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS or SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS values is set, then this value will be used.
If SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS > SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS, the highest value will be used.
Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.
/etc/login.defs - Password aging (for new accounts)
/etc/passwd User account information.
/etc/shadow Secure user account information.
/etc/pam.d/chpasswd PAM configuration for chpasswd.
“If you would keep your secret from an enemy, tell it not to a friend” ~ Benjamin Franklin
chgrp - Change group ownership.
chage - Set password age.
chmod - Change access permissions.
chown - Change file owner and group.
passwd - Modify a user password.
useradd - Create new user account
who - Print who is currently logged in.
Password generator
Equivalent Windows command: Set-adAccountPassword - Modify the password of an AD account.